Thallium (Tl) is a highly toxic element, which like lead and mercury, accumulates in many body tissues. Hair levels reflect chronic accumulation, and toxic reactions can have a long latency period … [Read more...]

Platinum (Pt) is commonly absorbed into the body through inhalation. Pt is a relatively rare element, so most Pt exposures are from occupational sources. Some hair treatments contribute to Pt … [Read more...]

Bismuth (Bi) is a non-essential element of somewhat low toxicity, but the excessive intake can cause kidney toxicity and brain toxicity. Bi is used prolifically in manufactured products. Sources of … [Read more...]

Beryllium (Be) can be toxic to humans and animals. Be is a biological antagonist to magnesium. It has a long-term effect of inducing abnormal activity in T lymphocytes, causing immune dysregulation … [Read more...]