Bismuth (Bi)
Bismuth (Bi) is a non-essential element of somewhat low toxicity, but the excessive intake can cause kidney toxicity and brain toxicity. Bi is used prolifically in manufactured products.
Sources of Bi include:
- cosmetics, particularly lipstick
- medications; commonly in antacids (Pepto-Bismol®)
- pigments in colored glass and ceramics
- dental cement
- dry cell battery electrodes
Symptoms of moderate Bi toxicity are:
- constipation or irregularity
- foul breath
- blue/black gum line
- malaise
High levels of Bi include:
- kidney disease in children
- nondiabetic chronic renal disease
- neurotoxic tremors
- memory loss and dementia
- leg and muscle jerking
- seizures